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At present, there are a lot of researches and applications on the treatment of volatile organic compounds (VOC), which are introduced in this paper.
1.1 adsorption method
The adsorption method uses some adsorption materials such as activated carbon, silica gel, zeolite molecular sieve, activated alumina and so on. Microporous and mesoporous materials have been widely used in the adsorption process. However, some of the most common problems encountered in the practice of porous materials such as activated carbon, silica gel and molecular sieves, such as low adsorption capacity, flammability, and other problems associated with regeneration. Therefore, it has been focused on the adsorption capacity, fast reaction kinetics and high reversibility of novel porous materials. The adsorption method is the advantages of high removal efficiency, low energy consumption, mature technology, desorption solvent Recyclable. Is the disadvantage is that the equipment is huge, complex process, high operating cost and investment after the two pollution produced when colloidal substances or other impurities in the waste gas, adsorbent poisoning.
Adsorption method and its adsorption effect mainly depends on the adsorption properties, gas phase species and pollution adsorption system conditions (such as temperature, humidity and other factors), key problems thus adsorption method is on the choice of sorbent. The adsorbent has dense pore structure, large surface area, adsorption properties, chemical stability, acid and alkali resistance, water resistance, resistance to high temperature and high pressure, not easily broken, the air resistance is small. Commonly used adsorbents are activated carbon (granular and fibrous), activated alumina, silica gel, artificial zeolite, etc..
The integration of adsorption and other purification methods for the treatment of organic waste gases in many industries has been widely used in china. For example, liquid adsorption and activated carbon adsorption were used to treat the high concentration recovery of styrene waste gas. The combination of adsorption and other purification methods not only avoids the shortcomings of the two methods, but also has the characteristics of high adsorption efficiency, no two pollution, etc..
One point two
Solvent absorption method
The liquid solvent as the absorbent, the harmful components in the exhaust gas by liquid absorption, so as to achieve the purpose of purification, the absorption process is based on the similarity principle of organic phase, often using high boiling point and low vapor pressure of diesel and kerosene as solvent, the VOC transfer from the gas phase to the liquid phase, then the desorption with the absorption liquid and recovering the VOC at the same time, the solvent can be recycled. This method can not only remove gaseous pollutants, but also recycle some useful substances, can be used to process the gas flow rate is generally 3000 ~ 15000 m3/h, the concentration of 0.05% ~ 0.5% (volume fraction) of VOC, the removal rate can reach 95% ~ 98%. The advantages of this method are that it can be used to treat organic waste gas with large air volume, normal temperature and low concentration, and it can convert pollutants into useful products. However, there are still some disadvantages in solvent absorption method. Because of the large investment, the selectivity of organic components is large and the two pollution is easy to occur. Therefore, we need to choose a variety of different solvents in the treatment of VOC, respectively. In addition, the solubility of organic compounds in the absorbent, organic gas concentration, absorber structure, such as packing tower, spray tower, liquid gas ratio, temperature and other operating parameters were the factors affect the absorption law, any change will more or less influence to the absorption effect.
1.3 thermal method
The thermal destruction method is divided into direct combustion method, catalytic combustion method and concentrated combustion method. The mechanism of the destruction is oxidation, thermal decomposition and thermal decomposition, so as to achieve the purpose of VOCs treatment. The thermal destruction method suitable for small volume, high gas concentration, gas emission for continuous occasions, the use of simple equipment, less investment, convenient operation, small occupation area, in addition to the recovery and utilization of heat, gas purification completely. Due to the thermal damage is catalytic combustion, so the combustion temperature is low, most of the organic matter and CO in 200 ~ 400 degrees to complete the reaction, the auxiliary fuel consumption, and greatly reduce the nitride production, suitable for many occasions. However, the thermal destruction method has the risk of combustion explosion. The dust particles and droplets containing the influence of catalyst life and processing efficiency in the exhaust gas does not allow thermal catalytic oxidation, are not allowed to have catalyst poisons, to prevent poisoning of the catalyst, the catalytic combustion technology for treatment of organic waste gas must be made before the treatment of waste gas.
1.4 biological treatment
The application of biological treatment technology in the treatment of organic waste gas has been a new technology in recent years. The common biological treatment processes include biological filtration, biotrickling filtration, biological washing, membrane bioreactor and rotating disk biofilter.
Biological membrane method is the use of microbial metabolism process of a variety of organic matter and some of the inorganic biological degradation, the formation of CO2 and H2O, and effectively remove the industrial waste gas pollution. The method has the advantages of simple equipment, low operation and maintenance cost, no two pollution and so on. But on the gas composition of complex or difficult to degradation of VOC, the removal effect is poor, large volume and long residence time, the effect of different fillers stagger the degradation organic waste gas